Articles

The article is devoted to the current problems of changing language norms under the influence of information and communication technologies. Some theoretical provisions on the specifics of linguistic norms in functional (i.e. norms widely used in speech) and codification aspects (i.e. norms fixed in normative legal acts, dictionaries, reference books, textbooks and grammars) are considered. Some distinctive parameters of the linguistic norms are described as a heterogeneous category characterized, on the one hand, by conservatism, stability, commitment, exemplary, directive and other constant features, on the other hand, by dynamism, instability and variability. The last ones often lead to linguistic deviations. Transformations of linguistic norms in the Internet give an impetus to the emergence of new concepts and the formation of new terms such as “Russian digital literary language” (A.V. Kozulyaev), “criticism of the Internet language” (K. Durscheid), “grammar nazi” and others. The article contains some examples of violations and changes of the norms of the Russian and German languages in the electronic communication. Two areas of criticism of the Internet language are considered: writing (or written texts) and communicative behavior in the Web. Deviations of linguistic norms at different levels (graphic, spelling, lexical, syntactic) in Russian-language online communication are revealed. There are also some prospects for research in this area.

The interest in African issues is explained not only by the political and economic factors behind the rise of the “great South”, but also by the scholarly need to systematize the principles of studying French, used in African countries as a “reserve” of Francophonie. The purpose of the article is to consider the approaches developed by French-speaking authors of the second half of the XX — beginning of the XXI century. Taking into account the concepts of P. Wald, K. Blanche-Benveniste, B.A. Boutin, F. Gade, A. Lanly, G. Manessi, R. Chaudenson, J. Segui and others a transition is observed from targeted case studies to the exploration of broader linguistic spaces, with attention to the development trends of non-standard French speech and the interaction between exogenous norms and Franco-African endogenous norms. The approaches to the classification of African French are examined, including the shift from the three-level model of basilect–mesolect–acrolect to criteria based on the study of the image, functions, status, and modes of appropriation of the French language. The development of French language skills is analyzed: official (international sphere, school); local (rural areas and small towns); interethnic communication (large cities, megacities). Th e dynamics of studying the functional system of the language and the degree of its variation are traced, along with the interaction between local and common African features of French. Emphasis is placed on the growing role of metropolises in the development of hybrid and mixed forms that include elements of linguistic play. Special attention is given to the instability and situational nature of variation, which is based on the categorization of the interlocutor, speech act, and communicative context.

The article concerns the problems of analyzing and classifying the means of expression for the category of impersonality in the French language. The relevance of the research is determined, on the one hand, by the incompleteness of the scientific picture in this area, and, on the other hand, by the scale and synthetic nature of the material under study. The difficulties of defining the concept of «impersonal» and related terms are described. These difficulties are caused by the existence of a large number of word combinations with the lexeme «impersonal» and the intersections that arise when interpreting them. The principles of classifying the means of expression for the category of impersonality are also outlined: for this purpose, the approaches of some French grammarians with their common features and differences are presented. Related to these issues is the problem of determining the language level to analyze the means of expression for the category of impersonality. The work used general scientific methods of analysis, comparison, generalization, as well as the analysis of dictionary definitions of terms, co-lexemic and contextual analysis. The indicated difficulties give grounds for attempts to further classifying the means of expression for the category of impersonality using alternative approaches, one of which could be the construction grammar.

Modern literate individuals exist, speak, and write in an environment where oral and written language forms constantly interact, a topic extensively covered in linguistic literature.

The aim of this study is to explore the functioning of the prosodic component in the discursive interaction of these two materially distinct forms, each possessing its own cognitive mechanism for meaning production and specific ways of its encoding.

The objective of the article is to identify and describe the prosodic means used by speakers during the oral and written channels interaction. The experimental research is based on a French radio broadcast discussing a current social issue with professionals who have publications and public speeches on the topic. It is reasonable to assume that generated in this context oral speech can be considered a kind of oral-written hybridization. According to our hypothesis, prosodic means play a significant role in this process, operating at both perceptual (continuous) and linguistic (discrete) levels of representation, thus possessing cognitive status.

The results of the study can be applied in foreign language teaching practices.

The article discusses indirect loanwords that differ from direct loans in the fact that they exist not in two languages, which is characteristic of usual language contacts, but they go through at least three languages. It is not infrequent that a complex language filter that indirect loanwords pass through changes their forms, as the words have to adapt to a new language system, and their meanings, that most frequently become narrower. Very often indirect loanwords reveal the participation of English as a global language in the process of borrowing. The article analyzes indirect loanwords of East Asian origin which are borrowed into Russian via English. Attention is focused on comparatively new words, coined recently through shortening (abbreviation, blending, cutting). They are often used as names for technological phenomena and are frequently found to name subcultural phenomena in the young people’s discourse. Unlike the indirect loans, initial abbreviations used in formal texts for quite a long time are direct loanwords translated as structural calques.

The article, based on reference documentation, professional standards, and translation studies research, examines the applied and theoretical-methodological aspects of studying post-editing in machine translation. The requirements of professional standards for a specialist’s readiness for this type of activity are analyzed, and the key competences of a translator-post-editor are identified. Particular attention is given to the types of post-editing and their functional characteristics. The article highlights the problematic situation in the scholarly research of machine translation post-editing. It states that despite the large array of data accumulated by applied translation studies, there is a clear lack of theoretical and methodological substantiation of the universal principles of machine translation post-editing, as well as an absence of general theoretical models of its quality. The author discusses the need to consider the process and outcome of post-editing from a descriptive-normative perspective in translation studies and proposes a descriptive-normative framework for conceptualizing a full post-editing of machine translation. This framework reveals the essence of four interrelated aspects of a post-editor’s activity in relation to the translation norms implemented and the actions taken to ensure the appropriate quality of the edited text. In conclusion, prospects for further research are outlined, including the use of cognitive methods in translation analysis of post-editing of machine translation.

The article discusses the main trends in the development of systematized repositories of human knowledge. From antiquity to the present day, both information carriers and ideological foundations associated with the tasks assigned to such storages have changed. Of course, the preservation of historical memory has always remained an unchanged guideline for the creators of archives and libraries. But the very ideas about the future, assumed by various projects of systematization of knowledge, were very different depending on the epoch. Of particular interest from this point of view is the concept of the archive put forward by N. Fedorov as part of his doctrine of mankind role in the universe. The article emphasizes that archives and libraries were called upon in different ways to perform a social function inseparable from their very existence. The prospects for the development of modern archives are directly connected with the processes of digitalization. Both document processing technologies and the way researchers communicate with the archive are being improved. The possibilities of scientific analysis of archival data are significantly increased. Currently, the objects of informatization of the archive should include: its acquisition and examination of the value of documents; acquisition, storage and search of documents on machine-readable information carriers; creation of an insurance fund and a fund for the use of documents. Obviously, the prospects for the development of archives in our country are closely related to their digitalization and, therefore, accessibility for an increasingly wide range of researchers. In turn, this circumstance should have a positive effect on the overall course of interdisciplinary research. It can be predicted that the change in the form of archival materials will serve as one of the factors in the transformation of the structure of scientific knowledge.

The paper examines historical narrative in a diachronic aspect, to which historians and philosophers of the 20th century have been ambivalent. Historical narrative as one of the ways of presenting and interpreting historical events, characterised by the consistency of the presentation of material, consideration of the causes and consequences of specific events, can take many forms due to the wide variety of purposes faced by historians, including both printed material and visual material embodied in documentaries and feature films. The importance of historical narrative in historical discourse is considerable. Historical narrative is not limited to the description of facts and events, it contributes to the formation of the perception of history from the position of the historian who created it, since the world view of the historian is conditioned by his or her milieu. The aims and objectives of this article are to analyse the arguments put forward by supporters and opponents of historical narrative; to identify the scale and type of events that allow their representation in the form of historical narrative. The results of the research show that historical narrative plays a key role in the perception and understanding of the world of the past. The research methods consist of analysis and synthesis of the studied narratives, coding, inductive and deductive methods, necessary to identify the patterns of the narratives’ themes. As a result of the research conducted, it was established that historical narrative plays an important role not only in the understanding and perception of historical events by the recipient, but also in the formation of his/her historical memory.

One of the cultural and geographical problems of literary landscape research is the definition of the very concept of landscape, which some authors reduce to a description of nature, “not noticing” the importance of its cultural component. 

Another theoretical problem stems from the first and is related to the understanding of the national landscape as a typically generalized image of native nature. At the same time, significant natural and cultural contrasts of a large country are not taken into account: it is not clear how to “generalize” forest and steppe, urban and rural, sea and river landscapes. 

One of the ways to solve the problem of the national landscape in literature is for the researcher to choose one of the regional landscapes of the geniuses of the place (Pushkin’s Mikhailovsky, Lermontov’s Tarkhans, Turgenevsky’s Spassky- Lutovinov or Meshchera Paustovsky) as a national landscape; but in this case, an important role is played not so much by the nature of the landscape as by the individual literary preferences of the researcher. 

Another objectified solution to the problem justifies the choice of a birch grove as a Russian national landscape.

The article focuses on the phenomenology of jew’s harp music art in traditional and modern cultural practices. The theoretical framework for the research were the works in the field of philosophy of culture, the concept of a symbol as a cognitive memory of culture, musical and psychological anthropology and a comparative approach to the study of cultures. On the basis of the cultural model of ethnomusicological codes, the authors have identified, typologized and analyzed intonation symbols of jew’s harp practices. The intonation-sound level of jew’s harp music art is revealed through the following elements of the symbolic field: the overtone scale as a natural sound invariant; the symbol of support; the symbol of the spiritual vertical; the symbol of prayer. At the visual and plastic level of jew’s harp music art, the following components of meaning formation are revealed: the symbol of the “external vocal cords” as a transcending voice; the symbol of the sound life of nature; the symbol of circularity. Special attention is paid to the understanding of the overtone scale as a comprehensive original musical sphere, concentrated in the sound of the jew’s harp and allowing performers to return to the lost integral connection with culture and nature. The revealed intonation symbols allow us to consider the jew’s harp as a “bridge” between nature and culture, and traditional and modern jew’s harp practices — as forms of transmission and actualization of the intangible cultural heritage of the peoples of Eurasia.

The article studies ethno-specific characteristics of Italian cultural landscapes nominated for the UNESCO World Heritage List as representatives of national cultural identity and as symbols of the proxemic communicative code in international cultural diplomacy. The author examines the evolution of the concept of “cultural landscape” in scientific discourse and UNESCO documents, as well as the classifications of cultural landscapes developed by Russian scientists F.N. Milkov, Y.A. Vedenin, and V.N. Kalutskov. Based on the ethnological-geographical approach, the author hypothesizes that the cultural landscapes nominated by Italy can serve as symbolic topoi of national culture, transmitting concepts of national identity through the proxemic communicative code. The article contributes to the study of the role of cultural landscapes in the formation and representation of national identity. The author analyzes landscape descriptions, classifies them according to N.F. Milkov’s typology, and identifies two main topoi of national culture: mountain-sea and mountain landscapes. The study shows that the transformative method of interaction with nature is leading for the Italian national community, while associativity and the presence of signssymbols of the national cultural code determine the significance of landscapes in the global cultural context. The article contributes to the understanding of the role of cultural landscapes in the formation and transmission of national identity.

The paper analyzes the ways and means of constructing the country and national image in the public speeches of the Spanish King Felipe VI, which represent an example of the discourse of power. The study was carried out taking into account the theoretical developments of V. Demyankov, S. Zolyan, A. Chudinov, N. Klushina, E. Malysheva, J. Austin, J. Searle and D. Vanderveken and is based on the discourse analysis of the speeches from 2014 to 2024. Its main aim is to systematize ideas about ideologemes and metaphors as linguistic means of translating national identity in relation to the communicative intention of the speaker. It was revealed that ideologemes play a decisive role while constructing the image of Spain as a country and a nation. The authors also described the most productive metaphor sphere-sources needed to create this image. Moreover, it was concluded that in the discourse of the modern Spanish monarch the image of Spain is mainly transmitted by declarative and directive statements.

The article aims to review briefly the sociolinguistic history of the language contact between Chinese languages and English, presents an overview of basic English language education in the Chinese education system during different periods of Chinese history. The study traces the emergence and development of English as a variety in China, in the form of China English, Chinese English, and Chinglish. This study could be of important scholarly significance for World Englishes researchers in the context of considering the English speech of native Chinese speakers. Attention is paid to English education in the country, focused on the rules of the functioning of this language as a native language for representatives of the Anglo-Saxon culture, and to the situation in which, from the middle of the last century, an exonomative model of language teaching was formed in the PRC and has been actively operating until recently. The paper highlights the increased attention of researchers to the issues of revising the policy of foreign language education in the PRC, which is explained by the ideological need that dictates the attempts of Chinese scholars to secure for China English the status of one of the varieties of World Englishes.

The article presents the analysis of the research in the field of implementation of translanguaging models into professional training of students majoring in linguodidactics. The authors analyze various models within the framework of the opposition of academic and spontaneous translanguaging, as well as enhancing metalinguistic awareness model, model of using whole linguistic repertoire, integrated language curriculum model and model of translanguaging shift s from the perspectives of using two foreign languages simultaneously for the organization of bilingual training. Each of the presented models differs in type, intentions of using translanguaging, the subject who makes the choice of the languages, as well as in the ratio between the languages. Considering the theoretical foundations, the authors note the potential of each model in the linguodidactic process. In conclusion, the most effective and suitable, from the authors’ point of view, practices of transinguaging are presented. They allow flexible use of two foreign languages simultaneously for organizing classes and, accordingly, provide bilingual professional training that meets the requirements and challenges of the modern educational environment.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into education has allowed students to use selected AI tools in research work. However, along with its obvious advantages, the ability of generative AI to hallucinate raises questions regarding the effectiveness of its use for a variety of research tasks. In this paper, the authors a) review the regulatory and legal basis for the use of generative AI tools in research work in the preparation of texts of conference presentations, academic articles, term papers and qualification works; b) review pedagogical studies dedicated to describing the experience of using generative AI tools in solving research problems; c) propose the distribution of functions between a research supervisor, artificial intelligence and a student/researcher in the triad “teacher — artificial intelligence — student”. Generative AI tools can take over many functions that have traditionally been performed by teachers and research supervisors, as well as by young researchers. These include developing a research work plan, searching for research sources, conducting a literature review, writing an abstract, etc. At the same time, the authors claim that at the present stage it is reasonable to talk about a joint solution of a number of the above-mentioned research tasks by supervisors and researchers, using generative AI tools as an assistant, the feedback from which should be subjected to critical reflection and verification. By transferring some of the functions to generative AI, the teacher/ research supervisor is not excluded from the educational process and management of the student’s research work. Their functions are modified and supplemented with new ones to teach students how to interact with AI tools, correctly formulate prompts, critically evaluate the received feedback and take full responsibility for the process and the result of work with generative AI.